The impact of food insecurity on college students

Introduction

As defined by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, “Food insecurity is the limited or uncertain availability of nutritionally adequate and safe food, or the ability to acquire such food in a socially acceptable manner.” Food security is an issue that affects 34 million people in the United States, including 9 million children. (Feeding America, 2023). In a 2018 report on food insecurity, requested by Senator Elizabeth Warren and colleagues, the authors found that “more than 30% of college students may face food insecurity and that almost 60% of potentially eligible students were not receiving SNAP benefits.” (Elizabeth Warren, 2021) Today, food insecurity challenges for college students continue to expand, in part due to the inability of higher education institutions to provide the resources and knowledge necessary for students to take advantage of the resources available to them.
This article looks at various studies, and other articles to gain a better understanding of this issue, provide practical tools, and consider systemic approaches to addressing food insecurity. This issue is of utmost importance as it “profoundly impacts college students, a population whose food insecurity issues are largely under-recognized, under-examined, and under-addressed,” (McCoy, et. al., 2022). It is the responsibility of higher education institutions to avoid neglecting the impact that a lack of access to high-quality nutrition has on students’ ability to succeed in every aspect of their life.

The current state of food insecurity on college campuses is critical. All of these issues were exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic as it is notable that “the odds for experiencing food insecurity was 1.7 times greater” (Goldick-Rab, et al., 2022) if a student contracted the COVID-19 virus. All of this toppled with the mental health struggles such as anxiety while having to balance their ongoing personal, academic, and even professional responsibilities. This reminds us that the issue of food insecurity is more extreme and in need of attention than it has ever been, a strong commitment to supporting youth and innovative programming is needed to face this issue head-on.

A Look at the Data
To further demonstrate the prevalence of food insecurity on college campuses, the 2022 Hope Survey Report stated that “at four-year colleges, 29% of students reported experiencing food insecurity.” One student from Texas on that survey mentioned that “for students like myself who do not have parents to financially support them, during times like these, it is hard to both balance your finances to make ends meet [and] eat a full day’s meal, let alone a nutritionally balanced meal.” This just gives us one look into the ongoing issue of food insecurity on college campuses at the national level. Therefore, in this article, various studies on the subject are highlighted and provide ways in which the CTB Model and CTB Model schools are committed to facing this challenge and supporting students holistically, along with new policies/programs that the model intends to provide as an effective, long-term solution to food insecurity.

One of the most common issues seen amongst college students is having to handle the costs of a meal plan at their college campus. The Education Data Initiative shared that “a campus meal plan averages $450 a month” in the U.S. (The Education Data Initiative, 2022) Many of them opt out from having a meal plan due to the additional costs. “Meal plans, alongside tuition and housing, are considered part of the total cost of attendance at a university or college. These fees can be significantly reduced or covered under financial aid.” (Wood, 2022)

Moreover, an article by Feeding America provides and explains the data collected from a project that centered around highlighting the students’ voices of those who utilize campus-based services to face food insecurity. Additionally, this article states the importance of providing students with a support system. “On the survey, students reported that they relied heavily on their family, friends, and co-workers to support their academic goals, particularly for practical and emotional support. Students also accessed several support systems located on their campuses [...].” 

Additionally, an article by Health Affairs Forefront described the various elements that involve food insecurity on college campuses and provided systemic recommendations that need to be implemented to face this epidemic, such as a permanent expansion of SNAP benefits, and “expansion of the National School Lunch Plan to two- and four-year institutions.” Ultimately, it's mentioned in this article that the disparities amongst demographics when regarding the food insecurity issue. “The report also highlighted significant racial and ethnic disparities: 75 percent of Indigenous, 70 percent Black, and 70 percent of American Indian or Alaska Native students experienced food insecurity, housing insecurity or homelessness, compared to 54 percent of White students.”

Finally, an article by The Hope Center shares the lessons learned regarding the organization’s pilot intervention at Compton College, along with a review of the findings from various focus groups with different community colleges in California along with providing resources for combating food insecurity. This intervention consisted of surveying “a subset of 49 study participants. All students surveyed used at least one campus-based resource such as emergency aid, wi-fi hotspots, counseling services, or meal vouchers.” (The Hope Center, 2022) Moreover, it outlines that “Student affairs staff, especially those in direct contact with students and responsible for managing non-academic support programs [...] These practitioners are the catalysts of institutional transformation toward increasing student success and require support from their leaders to establish successful partnerships on and off campus that properly support and serve students.”

Connection to CTB Model

These articles mention practical processes that the CTB model has been implementing as part of its core mission. Such processes include providing wrap-around support to students struggling with food insecurity, having faculty members serve as advisors that can identify when concerns like food insecurity arise, and ensuring that students have access to different resources that can address these challenges. More specifically, Arrupe College provides access to a food pantry, and it is worth mentioning that this is not only a resource for Arrupe students but for all LUC students. Additionally, the Office of Student Success at Arrupe works closely with the Office of Academic Affairs to collect student data and understand how to best support students inside and outside the classroom. The case is similar at the Dougherty Family College in Minneapolis.

CTB Model Policies/Programs

One recommendation is for the CTB model to require each institution to implement SNAP (Food stamps) application support, and marketing for all students. Such a policy would include in-depth education workshops on SNAP benefits as a means to provide a clear understanding of the application process and demystify having to utilize these resources within the community. A good example is UCLA’s program that teaches students how to access SNAP benefits, where students learn about the nuances of the application process for food stamps benefits.

Additionally, ensuring that the institution offers an at-large food pantry, where all students can access food to. A great example of this is DePaul’s food pantry, which offers a wide range of food and access to resources for students. In addition, providing a free/low-cost breakfast and lunch program for students can support mitigating the issue at hand. Along with that, a free meal plan for Pell-eligible students would support these students and increase their potential to attain their college degrees. Both of these programs are now implemented by Arrupe College of Loyola University Chicago, a CTB model college.

Last, but not least, each CTB model college should consider offering “Balanced/Healthy Eating Habits” Programming/Workshops. These teaching sessions will be offered to all students for them to learn about the importance of a balanced and healthy diet by a nutrition professional. One example is the Boston University Nutrition Workshops, which teach students on how to better their eating habits through 1:1 and group workshops.